Ramadan-ul-Mubarak ke roze har aqil aur baligh musalman par farz hain, lekin Shariat-e-Islamiya ne beemari, uzr aur kamzori ki halat me aasan rukhsaatein ata farmai hain. Bimari me roza kab chhora ja sakta hai, kin sooraton me todna wajib ho jata hai, aur fidya kab ada kiya jata hai? Ye wo ahem tareen masail hain jin ka janna har musalman ke liye laazmi hai. Is tehqeeqi guide me hum Hanafi Fiqh aur Fatawa Razawiyyah ki roshni me beemari ke ahkam wazeh karenge.
1. Roza Ke Masail Ka Sharai o Lughwi Mafhoom
Deen-e-Islam ek mukammal zaabta-e-hayat hai jo aqaaid, ibadaat, mamlaat aur akhlaqiyyat me poori insaniyat ki hidayat farmata hai. Jab hum roza ke masail ki sharai hesiyat ka jaiza lete hain, to ye baat nihayat wazeh ho kar samne aati hai ke Aslaf-e-Saliheen, Aimma-e-Mujtahideen, aur Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ke jumhoor ulema ne hamesha is amar ko Quran-o-Sunnah ki asoolon par parkha hai.
Lughwi aitibar se is lafz ke maani paakizgi, itaat, tabedaari aur haq par qayam rehne ke aate hain. Istilah-e-shariat me iska maqsad banday ko uske Khaliq-o-Malik se jodhna aur Nabi-e-Kareem, Rahmatul-lil-Aalameen Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa ﷺ ke naqsh-e-qadam par chalana hai.
Hanafi Fiqh ke azeem ulema—jinke sarbarah Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa Nu’man bin Thabit (R.A.) hain—ne hamesha nusoos-e-shariah (Quran aur Sunnah) ke ma-baad usool aur qawaid ko samne rakh kar har maslay ki tahqeeq farmai hai. Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka tareeqa hamesha aitedal, aman aur adab-e-risalat par mabni raha hai. Isme na to kutto-nifaq ki gunjaish hai aur na hi kisi qism ki ghulo aur bidat-e-dalalah ki.
2. Aayaat-e-Quraniyyah se Qat’i Dalaail o Barahin
Allah Tabarak wa Ta’ala ne Kalam-e-Majeed me is ahem mauzoo par wazeh hidayat ata farmai hai. Surah mubarakah me irshad-e-bari ta’ala hota hai:
فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ
Faman kaana minkum mareedan aw ‘alaa safarin fa’iddatum min ayyaamin ukhar; wa ‘alallazeena yuteeqoonahoo fidyatun ta’aamu miskeen
“Toh jo koi tum me se beemar ho ya safar par ho to wo doosre dino me ginti poori kare, aur jo log iski taqat na rakhein wo fidya dein jo ek miskeen ka khana hai. (Surah Al-Baqarah: 184)”
Is aayat me Allah Ta’ala ne do ahem baatein irshad farmai hain: Pehli ye ke marz ya safar ki wajah se roza chhoota to baad me uski qaza karna farz hai. Doosri ye ke agar marz aisa daaimi ho jisse shifa ki umeed na ho to uske badle fidya ada karna kafi hoga.
Tafseer-e-Kabeer me Imam Fakhruddin Razi aur Tafseer Kanz al-Iman me Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi is aayat-e-mubaraka ke taht farmate hain ke Allah Ta’ala ke har hukum me hikmaton ke khazane poshida hain. Momin ka kirdar ye hona chahiye ke wo kalam-e-ilahi ke aage sar-e-tasleem kham kare aur uski hidayat ko apni amali zindagi me dhal le.
3. Ahadith-e-Nabawiyyah aur Asaar-e-Sahaba
Huzoor Sarwar-e-Kawnain, Janab-e-Ahmad-e-Mujtaba ﷺ ke aqwal aur af’aal deen ka doosra bunyadi sarchashma hain. Hadeeth-e-Mubaraka me aata hai:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى رُخَصُهُ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُؤْتَى مَعْصِيَتُهُ
Tarjuma: “Beshak Allah Ta’ala pasand farmata hai ke uski di hui rukhsaaton par amal kiya jaye jaise wo gunahon ke irtikab ko na-pasand farmata hai.”
— Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 5866; Sahih Ibn Hibban
Is hadeeth se maloom hua ke shariat ki sahuliyat par amal karna takabbur ke khilaf aur ain marzi-e-khuda hai. Agar kisi mareez ki jaan ko khatra ho aur wo zid me roza na tode aur mar jaye to wo gunahgar thehrega.
Sahaba-e-Kiram Ridwanullahi Ta’ala Alaihim Ajmaeen ne is farman-e-nabawi par jis tarah amali pehra diya, wo tareekh ka sunehri baab hai. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq, Hazrat Umar Farooq, Hazrat Usman Ghani aur Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A.) ne hamesha is baare me aitedal aur sunnat ka daman thama rakha.
4. Aimma-e-Kiram aur Maslak-e-Aala Hazrat ki Roshni me Fiqhi Tehqeeq
Fatawa Hindiyyah aur Radd al-Muhtar me likha hai ke marz se murad aisi beemari hai jisse jaan jane, aza zaya hone, ya marz ke barh jane ka ghalib guman ho. Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan ne Fatawa Razawiyyah Jild 10 me wazeh farmaya ke ghair-muslim ya faasiq doctor ki raye par roza chhorna jaiz nahi, balki musalman haziq doctor ki gawahi shart hai.
Mujaddid-e-Deen-o-Millat, Imam-e-Ahle-Sunnat Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (Rahmatullahi Alayh) ne apni azeem-ush-shan tasneef Fatawa Razawiyyah me is maslay par be-misaal tehqeeq farmai hai. Aap farmate hain ke Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka rasta wahi hai jispar Sahaba-e-Kiram, Tabi’een, Taba Tabi’een aur Aimma-e-Arba’a (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Malik, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal) gamzan rahay. Deen me kisi bhi naye aqeeday ya man-marzi ki taweel ki koi gunjaish nahi hai. Har amal aur aqeeday ko nusoos-e-qat’iyyah ki roshni me samjhna zaroori hai.
Sadrush Shariah Allama Hakeem Muhammad Amjad Ali Azmi (R.A.) apni shohra-e-aafaq kitab Bahar-e-Shariat me farmate hain ke shariat-e-mutahharah ke ahkam do qism ke hain: Aqaid aur Mamlaat/Ibadaat. Aqaid me shak o shubhat se imaan me khalal waqe hota hai, jabki fiqh me Aslaf ki taqleed insan ko bhatakne se mehfooz rakhti hai. Ahle Sunnat ka sarmaya-e-iftikhar yahi hai ke unka silsila-e-ilm bila-fasl Sarwar-e-Kainat ﷺ tak pohanchta hai.
5. Jadeed Tibbi Masail: Injection, Inhaler, Drips aur Dialysis
1. Injection ka Hukm: Intramuscular (gosht me) ya Intravenous (rag me) injection lagwane se roza nahi toot’ta, bashart-e-ke wo ghiza ya taqat ke liye na ho. Agar sirf dawa ka injection ho to roza qayam rehta hai.
2. Glucose ya Drips: Aise drips jo bhook aur pyas ko khatam karein aur ghiza ka badal hon, unhe bila-zaroorat lagwana makruh-e-tahreemi hai, taham roza fasid nahi hota jab tak wo meday (stomach) me dakhil na hon.
3. Asthma Inhaler: Inhaler lene se dawa ke barik zarraat phayphadon ke sath halaq ke zariye maiday me jate hain, is liye inhaler lene se roza toot jata hai. Aise mareez baad me qaza karein.
4. Blood Test ya Dailysis: Khoon nikalne se roza nahi toot’ta. Dialysis ke dauran agar khoon saaf karke wapas bheja jaye to roza nahi toot’ta, lekin agar sath me dawa aur fluids shamil hon to ehtiyatan qaza karein.
5. Aankh aur Kaan ke Drops: Aankh me dawa ya surma daalne se roza nahi toot’ta. Kaan me tel ya dawa dalne se agar parda phata ho to roza toot jayega.
6. Bimari aur Roze ki Sharai Haisiyat ka Table
| Tibbi Soorat | Roze par Asar | Wajib Amal |
|---|---|---|
| Dawa ka Injection | Roza nahi toot’ta | Bila-khauf lagwa sakte hain |
| Blood Test (Khoon dena) | Roza nahi toot’ta | Kamzori ka andesha ho to makruh |
| Asthma Inhaler Spray | Roza toot jata hai | Baad me qaza laazmi hai |
| Sugar Low hona (Shadeed) | Roza todna wajib | Jaan bachana pehli tarjeeh hai |
| Daaimi Marz (No Recovery) | Roza maaf | Har roze ka fidya ada karein |
7. Ahem Masail aur Ghalat-Fehmiyon ka Azala
Muashray me roza ke masail ke hawale se jo ghalat-fehmiyan aur ifrat-o-tafreet paayi jaati hai, uska mustanad ilmi jawab darj zail hai:
- Har injection se roza toot jata hai: Ye ghalat hai. Asal daromadar jof (pet ya dimagh) tak dawa pohnchne par hai.
- Ulti (Vomiting) aane se roza toot gaya: Khud ba khud aane wali ulti se roza nahi toot’ta chahe kitni bhi ho.
- Fidya kisi bhi waqt de sakte hain: Fidya Ramadan ke dauran ya baad me mustahiqeen-e-zakat ko diya ja sakta hai.
8. Amali Zindagi me Nafaz (Practical Guidelines)
Har musalman ko chahiye ke wo darj zail amoor par pabandi ke sath amal kare taake uski amali zindagi me sunnat ka noor shamil ho sake:
- Doctor se Mashwara: Ramadan se pehle apne ba-amal musalman doctor se mashwara karein.
- Dawaon ki Tarteeb: Dawaon ka time Sehri aur Iftaar ke auqat me set karein.
- Fidya ka Hisab: Ek roze ka fidya taqreeban 2 kilo gehun ya uski market qeemat hai.
- Qaza ka Record: Jo roze chhoot jayein unka hisab likh kar rakhein taake sehatmand hone par ada karein.
- Dil ko Mutma’in Rakhein: Shariat ki rukhsaat ko qubool karein aur nafsani zid se bachein.
9. Roohani Fawaid aur Tazkiyah-e-Nafs
Shariat ke mutabiq chalne me hi Allah ki raza hai. Marz ki halat me Allah ke hukum ke tehat roza na rakhne par bhi momin ko poora sawab ata hota hai.
Sultan-ul-Awliya, Huzoor Ghaus-e-Azam Sayyiduna Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani (R.A.) apni shandar tasneef Al-Fath ar-Rabbani aur Ghunyat-ut-Talibeen me irshad farmate hain ke jab tak banda apne zahir ko shariat ke taabay aur batin ko ikhlas o hubb-e-ilahi se aaraasta na kare, tab tak haqeeqat-e-roohaniyat haasil nahi ho sakti. Shariat zahir ka husn hai aur Tareeqat batin ki taharat hai. Dono ek doosre ke laazoom hain.
Hujjat-ul-Islam Imam Muhammad Ghazali (R.A.) Ihya Ulum al-Din me irshad farmate hain ke momin ka har fail (chahe wo ibadat ho, zikr ho, ya dunya-wi kashmakash) agar niyat-e-saliha ke sath kiya jaye to wo ibadat ban jata hai. Dil ki paakizgi, bughz o keena se nijaat aur khuloos-e-niyat hi roohani kamyabi ki azeem kunji hai.
10. Hamari Sunni Kutub Library se Mutala’a
📚 Jamat Ahle Sunnat Online Library se Mutala’a Farmayein:
Is mozu par mazeed tehqeeq, asnaad aur tafseelat ke liye darj zail mustanad kutub zaroor padhein:
11. Aksar Poochhe Jane Wale Sawalat (FAQs)
Agar beemar theek ho jaye to kya fidya kafi hoga?
Nahi, agar sehat mil jaye to purani qaza rakhna farz hoga, fidya sadqa-e-nafl ban jayega.
Hamila aur doodh pilane wali aurat ka kya hukum hai?
Agar bachay ya apni jaan ko nuqsan ka khauf ho to roza na rakhein, baad me qaza karein.
Pait me endoscopy karwane se roza toot’ta hai?
G haan, camera aur pipe pait me jane se roza toot jata hai.
Dant nikalwane se roza toot’ta hai?
Agar khoon ya dawa halaq ke neeche na utre to nahi toot’ta.
Jamat Ahle Sunnat Karnataka deen ki tableegh, islaah-e-muashra aur difa-e-maslak-e-haq me har waqt mashghool hai. Mazeed maloomat, masail aur dars ke liye hamari official website aur markaz se rabita farmayein.