Bank Interest – Sood ka Hukm

1. Bank Interest Sood Ka Hukm Riba Islam Haram Ka Sharai o Lughwi Mafhoom

Deen-e-Islam ek mukammal zaabta-e-hayat hai jo aqaaid, ibadaat, mamlaat aur akhlaqiyyat me poori insaniyat ki hidayat farmata hai. Jab hum bank interest sood ka hukm riba islam haram ki sharai hesiyat ka jaiza lete hain, to ye baat nihayat wazeh ho kar samne aati hai ke Aslaf-e-Saliheen, Aimma-e-Mujtahideen, aur Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ke jumhoor ulema ne hamesha is amar ko Quran-o-Sunnah ki asoolon par parkha hai.

Lughwi aitibar se is lafz ke maani paakizgi, itaat, tabedaari aur haq par qayam rehne ke aate hain. Istilah-e-shariat me iska maqsad banday ko uske Khaliq-o-Malik se jodhna aur Nabi-e-Kareem, Rahmatul-lil-Aalameen Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa ﷺ ke naqsh-e-qadam par chalana hai.

Hanafi Fiqh ke azeem ulema—jinke sarbarah Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa Nu’man bin Thabit (R.A.) hain—ne hamesha nusoos-e-shariah (Quran aur Sunnah) ke ma-baad usool aur qawaid ko samne rakh kar har maslay ki tahqeeq farmai hai. Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka tareeqa hamesha aitedal, aman aur adab-e-risalat par mabni raha hai. Isme na to kutto-nifaq ki gunjaish hai aur na hi kisi qism ki ghulo aur bidat-e-dalalah ki.

2. Aayaat-e-Quraniyyah se Qat’i Dalaail o Barahin

Allah Tabarak wa Ta’ala ne Kalam-e-Majeed me is ahem mauzoo par wazeh hidayat ata farmai hai. Surah mubarakah me irshad-e-bari ta’ala hota hai:

Kalam-e-Ilahi me kisi bhi gunah par ‘Allah aur Rasool se jung’ ka lafz nahi aaya siwaye Sood ke! Is se saabit hota hai ke sood-khori kitna bhayanak jurm hai.

Tafseer-e-Kabeer me Imam Fakhruddin Razi aur Tafseer Kanz al-Iman me Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi is aayat-e-mubaraka ke taht farmate hain ke Allah Ta’ala ke har hukum me hikmaton ke khazane poshida hain. Momin ka kirdar ye hona chahiye ke wo kalam-e-ilahi ke aage sar-e-tasleem kham kare aur uski hidayat ko apni amali zindagi me dhal le.

3. Ahadith-e-Nabawiyyah aur Asaar-e-Sahaba

Huzoor Sarwar-e-Kawnain, Janab-e-Ahmad-e-Mujtaba ﷺ ke aqwal aur af’aal deen ka doosra bunyadi sarchashma hain. Hadeeth-e-Mubaraka me aata hai:

لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُؤْكِلَهُ وَكَاتِبَهُ وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَقَالَ هُمْ سَوَاءٌ

Tarjuma: “Rasoolullah ﷺ ne sood khane wale, sood khilane wale, uska kaghaz likhne wale aur uske dono gawahon par la’nat farmai, aur farmaya: Wo sab gunah me barabar hain.”

— Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1598; Jami’ at-Tirmidhi

Is Hadeeth-e-Sahiha se wazeh hua ke soodi nizam me hissa lena chahe wo clerk ho, manager ho ya gawah ho, sab par la’nat ka daera phaila hua hai.

Sahaba-e-Kiram Ridwanullahi Ta’ala Alaihim Ajmaeen ne is farman-e-nabawi par jis tarah amali pehra diya, wo tareekh ka sunehri baab hai. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq, Hazrat Umar Farooq, Hazrat Usman Ghani aur Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A.) ne hamesha is baare me aitedal aur sunnat ka daman thama rakha.

4. Aimma-e-Kiram aur Maslak-e-Aala Hazrat ki Roshni me Fiqhi Tehqeeq

Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi ne Kifl-ul-Faqeeh ad-Da’if fee Ahkam-e-Qirtas wat-Ta’reef me kaghazi currency aur soodi masail par azeem tehqeeq farmai. Sadrush Shariah Bahar-e-Shariat me farmate hain ke bank se milne wale sood ko baghair sawab ki niyat ke kisi ghareeb mohtaj ko sadqa kar dena chahiye taake wo aag se chhutkara pa sake.

Mujaddid-e-Deen-o-Millat, Imam-e-Ahle-Sunnat Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (Rahmatullahi Alayh) ne apni azeem-ush-shan tasneef Fatawa Razawiyyah me is maslay par be-misaal tehqeeq farmai hai. Aap farmate hain ke Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka rasta wahi hai jispar Sahaba-e-Kiram, Tabi’een, Taba Tabi’een aur Aimma-e-Arba’a (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Malik, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal) gamzan rahay. Deen me kisi bhi naye aqeeday ya man-marzi ki taweel ki koi gunjaish nahi hai. Har amal aur aqeeday ko nusoos-e-qat’iyyah ki roshni me samjhna zaroori hai.

Sadrush Shariah Allama Hakeem Muhammad Amjad Ali Azmi (R.A.) apni shohra-e-aafaq kitab Bahar-e-Shariat me farmate hain ke shariat-e-mutahharah ke ahkam do qism ke hain: Aqaid aur Mamlaat/Ibadaat. Aqaid me shak o shubhat se imaan me khalal waqe hota hai, jabki fiqh me Aslaf ki taqleed insan ko bhatakne se mehfooz rakhti hai. Ahle Sunnat ka sarmaya-e-iftikhar yahi hai ke unka silsila-e-ilm bila-fasl Sarwar-e-Kainat ﷺ tak pohanchta hai.

5. Jadeed Bank Interest ke 5 Ahem Sharai Masail

1. Savings Account ka Sood: Savings account par aane wala interest haraam hai. Ise apne kharch me lana, khana, kapda khareedna ya tax ada karna jaiz nahi. Ise bila-niyat-e-sawab ghareebon ya bewaon ko de dein.

2. Current Account ka Istemal: Jahan tak mumkin ho Current Account kholwayein jisme bank koi interest add nahi karta.

3. Home Loan aur Car Loan: Ghar ya gadi ke liye soodi loan lena sakht haraam hai. Kiraye ke makan par guzar karna soodi azaab me giriftar hone se laakh guna behtar hai.

4. Credit Card ka Istemal: Credit card agar majbooran istemal karein to bill aane se pehle ya due date se pehle mukammal payment karein taake interest na lage, magar bachna behtar hai.

5. Dar-ul-Harb ka Masla: Baaz log Hindustan ko Dar-ul-Harb keh kar sood ko halal kehte hain; Aala Hazrat ne saabit kiya ke Hindustan Dar-ul-Islam/Dar-ul-Aman hai aur yahan kafir se bhi sood lena jaiz nahi.

6. Soodi Nizam vs Islami Tijarat ka Farq

Pehlu	Soodi Nizam (Interest)	Islami Halal Tijarat
Nafa Nuksan	Sarmayadar ka nafa tay, qarzdar barbad	Nafa aur nuksan me sharakat (Mudaraba)
Maashrati Asar	Doulat chand hathon me markooz	Zakat aur tijaarat se doulat ka phailao
Sharai Hesiyat	Qat’an Haraam, Ailan-e-Jung	Halal o Tayyib (‘Ahallallahu al-Bay’a’)
Aakhirat	Dozakh ka azaab, aamne samne ruswai	Azeem darjat aur barakat

7. Ahem Masail aur Ghalat-Fehmiyon ka Azala

Muashray me bank interest sood ka hukm riba islam haram ke hawale se jo ghalat-fehmiyan aur ifrat-o-tafreet paayi jaati hai, uska mustanad ilmi jawab darj zail hai:

• Bank interest to mehngai (inflation) ka compensation hai: Shariat me qarz par kisi qism ka izafa sood hi hai chahe use jo bhi naam diya jaye.
• Majboori me home loan lena halal hai: Rent par rehna koi aisi shadeed majboori (murtad hone ya maut) nahi jisme haram halal ho jaye.
• Sood ke paise se masjid ki tameer karna: Masjid Allah ka paak ghar hai, wahan haram maal lagana shadeed gunah hai.

8. Amali Zindagi me Nafaz (Practical Guidelines)

Har musalman ko chahiye ke wo darj zail amoor par pabandi ke sath amal kare taake uski amali zindagi me sunnat ka noor shamil ho sake:

1. Soodi Accounts Khatam Karein: Fixed deposit fauran todwayein aur asal raqam nikaalein.
2. Interest ka Paisa Sadqa Karein: Jo sood jama ho chuka ho use bila sawab ghareebon ko de kar damaan chhudayein.
3. Islami Sharakat par Karobar: Apne sarmaye ko kisi mutaqqi tajir ke sath sharakat (profit-sharing) par lagayein.
4. Sadgi Ikhtiyar Karein: Chadar dekh kar paaon phailayein aur qarz se bachein.
5. Darul Ifta se Rahnumai: Financial agreements par dastakhat se pehle Jamat Ahle Sunnat ke muftiyan se tasdeeq karein.

9. Roohani Fawaid aur Tazkiyah-e-Nafs

Halal rozi me barkat, duaon ki qubooliyat, aakhirat ke shadeed tareen azaab se nijaat aur dil ki paakizgi.

Sultan-ul-Awliya, Huzoor Ghaus-e-Azam Sayyiduna Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani (R.A.) apni shandar tasneef Al-Fath ar-Rabbani aur Ghunyat-ut-Talibeen me irshad farmate hain ke jab tak banda apne zahir ko shariat ke taabay aur batin ko ikhlas o hubb-e-ilahi se aaraasta na kare, tab tak haqeeqat-e-roohaniyat haasil nahi ho sakti. Shariat zahir ka husn hai aur Tareeqat batin ki taharat hai. Dono ek doosre ke laazoom hain.

Hujjat-ul-Islam Imam Muhammad Ghazali (R.A.) Ihya Ulum al-Din me irshad farmate hain ke momin ka har fail (chahe wo ibadat ho, zikr ho, ya dunya-wi kashmakash) agar niyat-e-saliha ke sath kiya jaye to wo ibadat ban jata hai. Dil ki paakizgi, bughz o keena se nijaat aur khuloos-e-niyat hi roohani kamyabi ki azeem kunji hai.

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