Qurbani ke Ahkam – Kiska Wajib, Kaise Karein

1. Qurbani Ke Ahkam Wajib Shariat Ka Sharai o Lughwi Mafhoom

Deen-e-Islam ek mukammal zaabta-e-hayat hai jo aqaaid, ibadaat, mamlaat aur akhlaqiyyat me poori insaniyat ki hidayat farmata hai. Jab hum qurbani ke ahkam wajib shariat ki sharai hesiyat ka jaiza lete hain, to ye baat nihayat wazeh ho kar samne aati hai ke Aslaf-e-Saliheen, Aimma-e-Mujtahideen, aur Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ke jumhoor ulema ne hamesha is amar ko Quran-o-Sunnah ki asoolon par parkha hai.

Lughwi aitibar se is lafz ke maani paakizgi, itaat, tabedaari aur haq par qayam rehne ke aate hain. Istilah-e-shariat me iska maqsad banday ko uske Khaliq-o-Malik se jodhna aur Nabi-e-Kareem, Rahmatul-lil-Aalameen Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa ﷺ ke naqsh-e-qadam par chalana hai.

Hanafi Fiqh ke azeem ulema—jinke sarbarah Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa Nu’man bin Thabit (R.A.) hain—ne hamesha nusoos-e-shariah (Quran aur Sunnah) ke ma-baad usool aur qawaid ko samne rakh kar har maslay ki tahqeeq farmai hai. Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka tareeqa hamesha aitedal, aman aur adab-e-risalat par mabni raha hai. Isme na to kutto-nifaq ki gunjaish hai aur na hi kisi qism ki ghulo aur bidat-e-dalalah ki.

2. Aayaat-e-Quraniyyah se Qat’i Dalaail o Barahin

Allah Tabarak wa Ta’ala ne Kalam-e-Majeed me is ahem mauzoo par wazeh hidayat ata farmai hai. Surah mubarakah me irshad-e-bari ta’ala hota hai:

Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa (R.A.) aur mufassireen farmate hain ke yahan ‘Wanhar’ ka amr (order) wujoob ke liye hai, yaani namaz-e-eid ada kijiye aur uske baad janwar qurban kijiye. Is aayat se saabit hota hai ke Qurbani wajib hai.

Tafseer-e-Kabeer me Imam Fakhruddin Razi aur Tafseer Kanz al-Iman me Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi is aayat-e-mubaraka ke taht farmate hain ke Allah Ta’ala ke har hukum me hikmaton ke khazane poshida hain. Momin ka kirdar ye hona chahiye ke wo kalam-e-ilahi ke aage sar-e-tasleem kham kare aur uski hidayat ko apni amali zindagi me dhal le.

3. Ahadith-e-Nabawiyyah aur Asaar-e-Sahaba

Huzoor Sarwar-e-Kawnain, Janab-e-Ahmad-e-Mujtaba ﷺ ke aqwal aur af’aal deen ka doosra bunyadi sarchashma hain. Hadeeth-e-Mubaraka me aata hai:

مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَعَةٌ وَلَمْ يُضَحِّ فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مُصَلَّانَا

Tarjuma: “Jo shakhs istita’at (wus’at) rakhta ho aur phir bhi qurbani na kare, to wo hamari Eidgah ke qareeb na aaye.”

— Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 3123; Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 8273

Huzoor Nabi-e-Kareem ﷺ ki ye shadeed wa’eed is baat ki qat’i daleel hai ke Qurbani Sunnat-e-Ghair Muakkadah nahi balki Wajib hai, kyunke aisi sakht pabandi sirf wajib chhorne par hi aaid ho sakti hai.

Sahaba-e-Kiram Ridwanullahi Ta’ala Alaihim Ajmaeen ne is farman-e-nabawi par jis tarah amali pehra diya, wo tareekh ka sunehri baab hai. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq, Hazrat Umar Farooq, Hazrat Usman Ghani aur Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A.) ne hamesha is baare me aitedal aur sunnat ka daman thama rakha.

4. Aimma-e-Kiram aur Maslak-e-Aala Hazrat ki Roshni me Fiqhi Tehqeeq

Allama Ibn Abideen Shami Radd-ul-Muhtar me farmate hain ke nisab-e-qurbani me saal guzarna shart nahi hai, agar 12 Zil Hijjah ke zawal ke baad bhi koi shakhs sahib-e-nisab ban jaye to us par qurbani wajib ho jaati hai. Sadrush Shariah Bahar-e-Shariat me farmate hain ke bade janwar (gaaye, bail, oont) me 7 hissay hote hain bashart-e-ke tamam shareekon ki niyat taqarrub-e-ilahi aur sawab ho, gosht khori na ho.

Mujaddid-e-Deen-o-Millat, Imam-e-Ahle-Sunnat Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (Rahmatullahi Alayh) ne apni azeem-ush-shan tasneef Fatawa Razawiyyah me is maslay par be-misaal tehqeeq farmai hai. Aap farmate hain ke Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ka rasta wahi hai jispar Sahaba-e-Kiram, Tabi’een, Taba Tabi’een aur Aimma-e-Arba’a (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Malik, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal) gamzan rahay. Deen me kisi bhi naye aqeeday ya man-marzi ki taweel ki koi gunjaish nahi hai. Har amal aur aqeeday ko nusoos-e-qat’iyyah ki roshni me samjhna zaroori hai.

Sadrush Shariah Allama Hakeem Muhammad Amjad Ali Azmi (R.A.) apni shohra-e-aafaq kitab Bahar-e-Shariat me farmate hain ke shariat-e-mutahharah ke ahkam do qism ke hain: Aqaid aur Mamlaat/Ibadaat. Aqaid me shak o shubhat se imaan me khalal waqe hota hai, jabki fiqh me Aslaf ki taqleed insan ko bhatakne se mehfooz rakhti hai. Ahle Sunnat ka sarmaya-e-iftikhar yahi hai ke unka silsila-e-ilm bila-fasl Sarwar-e-Kainat ﷺ tak pohanchta hai.

5. Janwar ke Sharait aur Hissay ke Qawaid

1. Janwar ki Umar: Bakra, bakri, dumba kam az kam 1 saal ka ho (agar 6 mahine ka dumba itna farbih ho ke saal bhar ka lage to jaiz hai). Gaaye, bail, bhains kam az kam 2 saal ki ho. Oont kam az kam 5 saal ka ho.

2. Azaib o Nuqs se Paaki: Janwar andha na ho, langda na ho jo qurbani-gah tak chal na sake, kaan ya doom ek tithai (1/3) se zyada kata na ho, daant itne na jhad gaye hon ke ghaas na char sake.

3. Hissay ki Sharait: Bade janwar me 1 se 7 log shareek ho sakte hain. Agar kisi ek shareek ki bhi niyat sirf gosht khana ho ya uski aamdani haram ho to sabki qurbani batil ho jayegi.

4. Zibah ka Tareeqa: Chhuri khoob tez karein, janwar ko baayein pehlu par qibla-rukh litayein aur ‘Bismillahi Allahu Akbar’ keh kar zibah karein.

5. Gosht ki Taqseem: Mustahab ye hai ke gosht ke 3 hissay kiye jayein: ek hissa apne ghar ke liye, ek hissa azeez o aqarib ke liye aur ek hissa ghareebon aur miskeenon ke liye.

6. Qurbani ke Janwar aur Hissay ka Sharai Nizam

Janwar ki Qism	Kam az Kam Umar	Sharai Hissay	Khas Hukm
Bakra / Bakri / Dumba	1 Saal Mukammal	Sirf 1 Hissa (1 Shakhs)	Khasi (castrated) janwar ki qurbani afzal
Gaaye / Bail / Bhains	2 Saal Mukammal	1 se 7 Hissay	Sab shareekon ka maqsad sawab hona shart
Oont / Oontni	5 Saal Mukammal	1 se 7 Hissay	Nahr (khaday karke zibah) sunnat hai

7. Ahem Masail aur Ghalat-Fehmiyon ka Azala

Muashray me qurbani ke ahkam wajib shariat ke hawale se jo ghalat-fehmiyan aur ifrat-o-tafreet paayi jaati hai, uska mustanad ilmi jawab darj zail hai:

• Ghar bhar me sirf ek qurbani kafi hai: Ghar me agar 3 log sahib-e-nisab hain (baap, beta, biwi) to teeno par alag alag qurbani wajib hai.
• Janwar ki khaal qasai ko mazdoori me de sakte hain: Qasai ko ujrat me khaal ya gosht dena haram hai, uski mazdoori alag se dein.
• Qurbani ke bajaye paise sadqa karna behtar hai: In teen dino me khoon bahana (zibah) hi matloob hai, croron rupaye sadqa karne se bhi qurbani ka wajib ada nahi hota.

8. Amali Zindagi me Nafaz (Practical Guidelines)

Har musalman ko chahiye ke wo darj zail amoor par pabandi ke sath amal kare taake uski amali zindagi me sunnat ka noor shamil ho sake:

1. 1 se 10 Zil Hijjah Baal o Naakhun na Kaatein: Zil Hijjah ka chand dekhne ke baad qurbani tak baal aur naakhun na tarashna mustahab hai.
2. Janwar ki Khidmat: Janwar ko pehle se la kar khilayein pilayein aur usse pyar karein.
3. Chhuri Chhupa kar Tez Karein: Janwar ke samne chhuri tez na karein na ek janwar ke samne doosre ko zibah karein.
4. Khaal Sunni Tanzeem ko Dein: Qurbani ki khaal Jamat Ahle Sunnat ke madaris aur deeni idaron ko atiya karein.
5. Safai ka Khayal: Zibah ke baad aalishon aur gandagi ko dafnayein ya munasib jagah phenkein.

9. Roohani Fawaid aur Tazkiyah-e-Nafs

Hubb-e-dunya ka khatma, itaat-e-ibrahimi ka ehsas, ghareebon tak protein o taaza ghaza ki rasai aur har baal ke badle neki.

Sultan-ul-Awliya, Huzoor Ghaus-e-Azam Sayyiduna Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani (R.A.) apni shandar tasneef Al-Fath ar-Rabbani aur Ghunyat-ut-Talibeen me irshad farmate hain ke jab tak banda apne zahir ko shariat ke taabay aur batin ko ikhlas o hubb-e-ilahi se aaraasta na kare, tab tak haqeeqat-e-roohaniyat haasil nahi ho sakti. Shariat zahir ka husn hai aur Tareeqat batin ki taharat hai. Dono ek doosre ke laazoom hain.

Hujjat-ul-Islam Imam Muhammad Ghazali (R.A.) Ihya Ulum al-Din me irshad farmate hain ke momin ka har fail (chahe wo ibadat ho, zikr ho, ya dunya-wi kashmakash) agar niyat-e-saliha ke sath kiya jaye to wo ibadat ban jata hai. Dil ki paakizgi, bughz o keena se nijaat aur khuloos-e-niyat hi roohani kamyabi ki azeem kunji hai.

10. Hamari Sunni Kutub Library se Mutala’a

11. Aksar Poochhe Jane Wale Sawalat (FAQs)

---