Qaza namaz wo namaz hai jo apne muqarrara waqt ke baad ada ki jaye. Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya ke jo namaz bhool jaye ya so jaye to jab yaad aaye, padh le (Bukhari, Muslim). Qaza farz hai, aur jaan-boojh kar namaz chhodna bara gunah hai jis par qaza ke sath sachchi tauba zaroori hai. Is guide me qaza ka tareeqa, tarteeb ke ahkam, hisab lagane ka tareeqa aur aam sawalat hain.
Mukhtasar jawab
- Farz aur witr (Hanafi me wajib) ki qaza hoti hai; sunnaton ki qaza nahi (Fajr ki sunnat ka ek khaas masla neeche hai).
- Qaza padhne me der na karein; bhoolne ya sone par yaad aate hi padhein.
- Tarteeb us par lazim hai jis ki qaza 6 namazon se kam hon. Qaza 6 ho jayen to tarteeb saqit ho jati hai.
- Suraj nikalte, theek zawal ke waqt aur ghuroob ke waqt qaza nahi padhi jati.
- Haiz o nifas ki namazon ki qaza nahi.
Qaza namaz kya hai
Namaz ko uske muqarrara waqt me padhna ada hai, aur waqt nikalne ke baad padhna qaza. Shariat me namaz ka waqt maqarrar hai, isliye baghair uzr qaza karna gunah hai, aur uzr (neend, bhool) me gunah nahi, magar qaza phir bhi lazim hai. Ye article namaz ke tareeqe aur namaz ke auqat ka tasalsul hai.
Daleel
Sahih Bukhari (597), Sahih Muslim (684)
مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً فَلْيُصَلِّ إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ
Jo shakhs namaz bhool jaye, to jab yaad aaye padh le; is ka kaffara sirf yehi hai.
Ghazwa-e-Khandaq ke din Nabi ﷺ ki kuch namazen waqt se guzar gayin to aap ﷺ ne unhe baad me tarteeb se ada farmaya (Bukhari 596). Ek safar me Fajr ke waqt sab so gaye, phir jab jaage to aap ﷺ ne namaz padhi (Muslim 680). Isse qaza ka sabit hona saaf hai.
Qaza kab wajib hoti hai
- Bhool jane ya so jane ki wajah se namaz ka waqt nikal jaye.
- Kisi bhi shar’i uzr ya baghair uzr ke namaz chhut jaye. Baghair uzr chhodne par qaza ke sath tauba bhi zaroori hai.
- Safar me kisi namaz ke chhutne par: Hanafi fiqh me jo namaz safar me qaza hui, wo qaza me bhi 2 rakat padhi jayegi chahe ab muqeem ho; aur jo namaz muqeem hone ki halat me chhuti, wo safar me bhi 4 rakat hi padhi jayegi. (Safar ki namaz)
- Haiz o nifas ke dauran ki namazon ki qaza nahi (Bukhari, Muslim: Hazrat Aisha RA). Ye hukm namaz ka hai; roze ki qaza rakhni hoti hai (roze ki qaza).
Qaza padhne ka tareeqa aur niyat
- Niyat: dil ki niyat kaafi hai; zubaan se kehna behtar hai. Namaz aur din mukarrar karna zaroori hai, jaise: “Main pehli chhuti hui Fajr ki 2 rakat farz qaza padh raha hoon.” Agar din yaad na ho to “sab se pehli / sab se aakhri qaza” kehna kaafi hai.
- Tareeqa: bilkul ada namaz ki tarah; sirf niyat me qaza ka fark hai.
- Auqat: qaza kisi bhi waqt padh sakte hain, siwaye tulu-e-aftab, theek zawal (nisf-un-nahar) aur ghuroob ke waqt jab koi bhi qaza namaz jaiz nahi. (Usi din ki Asr ghuroob ke waqt padhna jaiz hai.) Makruh auqat dekhein.
- Jamaat: qaza aam taur par tanha padhi jati hai; chhupa kar padhna behtar hai.
Tarteeb ke ahkam (Hanafi)
Jis ke zimme 6 namazon se kam (witr ko shamil kar ke) qaza ho, use sahib-e-tarteeb kehte hain aur us par lazim hai ke pehle qaza namaz padhe phir maujooda waqt ki. Tarteeb in surton me saqit ho jati hai:
| Surat | Hukm |
|---|---|
| Qaza namazen 6 ya zyada ho jayen | Tarteeb saqit; jis tarah chahein padhein |
| Maujooda waqt ki namaz ka waqt tang ho | Pehle waqt ki namaz, phir qaza |
| Qaza yaad na ho (bhool gaye) | Tarteeb saqit, namaz durust |
| Qaza ki tadaad mushtabah ho | Ehtiyat se har namaz ka hisab alag rakhein |
Ye tafseel Hanafi fiqh ki hai. Shafi’i, Maliki aur Hanbali fiqh me tarteeb aur qaza ke kuch juz’i ahkam mukhtalif hain. Apne madhhab ke mufti se rujoo karein.
Qaza ka hisab kaise lagayein
Agar kisi ko pata nahi ke kitni namazen qaza hain to baligh hone ki umar se hisab lagaye (wo din se jab se namaz farz hui), aur jitne waqt ki namazen padhi hi nahi ya yaqeen nahi, unka ghalib gumaan se andaza lagaye. Is me ehtiyat karein: andaza thoda zyada rakhein taake zimma bari ho jaye.
- Umar ka aghaaz: ladke ki baligh hone ki umar aksar 12 se 15 saal, aur larki ki 9 se 15 saal (qamri). Alamat aane par baligh; alamat na aaye to 15 saal.
- Kul muddat: baligh hone se abtak ke qamri saal x 354 din; is me se wo muddat minha karein jis me namaz regular padhi.
- Roz ki 6 namazen: 5 farz + witr. Aurat haiz o nifas ke dinon ko nikal de.
- Andaza likh lein: ek copy ya note me rakhein, taake kam hone ka hisab rahe.
Ye rozana “5-5” ki hadd nahi. Aap har waqt ki farz namaz ke sath ek ya zyada qaza padh sakte hain, jitni asani ho, bas iraada ye ho ke zimma jaldi bari ho.
Qaza calculator
Apne andaze se bharein; natija sirf andaza hai.
Khas masail
- Jumu’ah: agar Jumu’ah chhoot jaye to uski qaza Zuhr ki 4 rakat farz hai, Jumu’ah ki qaza nahi (Jumu’ah ke ahkam).
- Witr: Hanafi fiqh me witr wajib hai, isliye uski qaza hoti hai (witr ka tareeqa).
- Sunnaten: sunnat-e-muakkada ki alag se qaza nahi. Sirf agar Fajr ki farz qaza ho kar zawal se pehle usi din padhe to sunnat-e-Fajr bhi sath padhi jati hai.
- Jaan-boojh kar chhodi hui namaz: jumhoor ulama ke nazdeek qaza lazim hai aur sachchi tauba bhi. Kuch ulama (maslan Ibn Hazm) kehte hain ke qaza qabool nahi hoti, sirf tauba aur nawafil hain; Ahle Sunnat ke chaaron imam qaza ko wajib kehte hain.
- Bimar ki qaza: tafseel bimar ki namaz me hai.
Aam sawalat (FAQ)
Kya ek waqt me kai qaza namazen padh sakte hain?
Haan. Jo shakhs sahib-e-tarteeb nahi (yani jis ki qaza 6 ya zyada hain) wo jis tarteeb se chahe padh sakta hai, aur ek ke baad doosri lagatar bhi padh sakta hai. Sahib-e-tarteeb ko tarteeb se padhna hoga.
Kya qaza ke liye koi khaas dua ya namaz hai?
Nahi. Sirf niyat aur namaz ka naam/din. Qaza-e-umri ke naam se koi ek khaas namaz jis se saari qaza maaf ho jaye, sabit nahi.
Bimar par qaza kab wajib hai?
Agar beth kar ya ishare se bhi padhne ki quwwat ho to padhna wajib hai. Hanafi fiqh me agar mukammal behoshi ya ishare se bhi aajizi 5 namazon se zyada (yani ek din raat se zyada) rahe to us muddat ki qaza maaf hai, isse kam ho to qaza karni hogi. Sahi hukm ke liye mufti se poochein.
Aurat haiz ke baad kya qaza padhe?
Haiz o nifas me chhuti hui namazon ki qaza nahi; jab paaki ho jaye to us waqt se namaz shuru karein. Roze ki qaza lazim hai.
Safar ki chhuti hui namaz ki qaza kitni rakat?
Hanafi fiqh me jo namaz safar me chhuti, uski qaza 2 rakat hai, aur jo muqeem me chhuti uski qaza 4 rakat, chahe qaza padhte waqt aap jis halat me hon.
Mazeed padhein
Qaza namaz ko halka na samjhein. Aaj hi hisab likhein, aur rozana thodi thodi qaza pure karne ka maamool banayein.
- Sahih Bukhari (596, 597), Sahih Muslim (680, 684)
- Hanafi kutub: Hidaya, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahar-e-Shariat (hissa 3)
Ye maloomat aam rehnumai ke liye hai. Apne mamle ke liye mufti se poochein. Hadith ke nambar chhapayiyon me mukhtalif ho sakte hain.
Qaza prayer (makeup prayer) is a prayer performed after its appointed time has ended. The Prophet ﷺ said that whoever forgets a prayer should pray it when he remembers (Bukhari, Muslim). Making up missed prayers is obligatory, and deliberately leaving prayer is a major sin that requires sincere repentance along with the qaza. This guide covers how to pray qaza, the rules of order, how to calculate missed prayers, and common questions.
Short answer
- Fard prayers and witr (wajib in Hanafi fiqh) must be made up; the sunnahs are not (one Fajr sunnah case is noted below).
- Don’t delay: pray a forgotten or slept-through prayer as soon as you remember.
- Order is required for someone with fewer than 6 missed prayers. Once 6 accumulate, order no longer applies.
- Qaza may not be prayed at sunrise, exactly at zenith, or at sunset.
- Prayers missed during menstruation or postnatal bleeding are not made up.
What is qaza prayer
Praying within its time is called ada; praying after the time has ended is qaza. Missing a prayer without an excuse is sinful, while missing it through sleep or forgetfulness carries no sin, yet it must still be made up. This article continues our series on how to pray salah and prayer times.
Evidence
Sahih al-Bukhari (597), Sahih Muslim (684)
مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلَاةً فَلْيُصَلِّ إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ
Whoever forgets a prayer should pray it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it other than that.
On the day of the Trench, some of the Prophet’s ﷺ prayers passed their time and he made them up afterwards in order (Bukhari 596). On a journey, when the Companions slept through Fajr, he prayed after they woke up (Muslim 680). These establish that qaza is a settled ruling.
When is qaza required
- When a prayer’s time ends because of forgetfulness or sleep.
- When a prayer is missed for any reason, with or without a valid excuse. If left without an excuse, sincere repentance is also necessary.
- Prayers missed while traveling: in Hanafi fiqh, a prayer missed during travel is made up as 2 rak’ahs even after becoming resident, and a prayer missed while resident is made up as 4 rak’ahs even while traveling. (Travel prayer)
- Prayers missed during menstruation or postnatal bleeding are not made up (Bukhari, Muslim: Aisha RA). Fasts, however, are made up (missed fasts).
How to pray qaza and the intention
- Intention: The intention of the heart suffices, and saying it aloud is better. Specify the prayer and, if possible, the day, e.g. “I intend to pray the first missed 2 rak’ahs of Fajr as qaza.” If you don’t remember the day, say “the earliest (or the latest) missed Fajr.”
- Method: Exactly like the ada prayer; only the intention differs.
- Times: Any time, except at sunrise, exactly at zenith, and at sunset, when no qaza may be prayed. (Same-day Asr may be prayed at sunset.) See disliked prayer times.
- Congregation: Qaza is usually prayed alone, and praying it privately is better.
Rules of order (Hanafi)
A person with fewer than 6 missed prayers (counting witr) is called sahib-e-tarteeb and must pray the qaza first, then the current prayer. Order no longer applies in these cases:
| Case | Ruling |
|---|---|
| Missed prayers reach 6 or more | Order lapses; pray them in any order |
| Time for the current prayer is short | Pray the current prayer first, then qaza |
| You forgot about the missed prayer | Order lapses; the prayer is valid |
| Number of missed prayers is uncertain | Keep a careful separate count for each prayer |
These details follow Hanafi fiqh. The Shafi’i, Maliki and Hanbali schools differ on some points of order and qaza. Consult a mufti of your school.
How to calculate missed prayers
If you don’t know how many prayers you’ve missed, count from the age of puberty (when prayer became obligatory) and estimate the missed prayers by strong probability. Be cautious: estimate slightly higher so that you are free of the obligation.
- Starting age: for boys usually 12 to 15, for girls 9 to 15 (lunar years). Puberty begins with its signs; if there are none, at 15.
- Total period: lunar years since puberty x 354 days; subtract the period in which you prayed regularly.
- Six prayers a day: 5 fard plus witr. Women deduct the days of menstruation and postnatal bleeding.
- Write it down so you can track what remains.
There is no “5 a day” cap. You can pray one or more qaza with each fard prayer, as much as is easy for you, as long as the aim is to clear the debt soon.
Qaza calculator
Enter your own estimate; the result is only approximate.
Special rulings
- Jumu’ah: A missed Jumu’ah is made up as 4 rak’ahs of Zuhr, not as Jumu’ah (Jumu’ah rulings).
- Witr: In Hanafi fiqh witr is wajib, so it is made up (how to pray witr).
- Sunnahs: Sunnah muakkadah are not made up separately. The exception: if Fajr fard is missed and prayed before zawal the same day, the Fajr sunnah is prayed with it.
- Deliberately missed prayers: The majority of scholars hold that qaza is obligatory along with sincere repentance. A minority (e.g. Ibn Hazm) held that qaza is not accepted and only repentance and voluntary prayers remain; the four Sunni imams hold it obligatory.
- The sick: see prayer when sick.
Frequently asked questions
Can I pray several qaza prayers one after another?
Yes. If you are not sahib-e-tarteeb (you have 6 or more missed), you can pray them in any order, including back to back. A sahib-e-tarteeb must keep order.
Is there a special prayer or dua for qaza?
No. Only the intention naming the prayer (and day). A single special prayer that erases all missed prayers is not established.
When is qaza not required for the sick?
If you can pray sitting or by gesture, you must. In Hanafi fiqh, if total unconsciousness or inability even to gesture lasts more than five prayers (over a day and a night), the prayers of that period are waived; if shorter, they must be made up. Ask a mufti for your case.
Should a woman make up prayers after her period?
No prayers missed during menstruation or postnatal bleeding are made up. Resume prayer when purity returns. Missed fasts must be made up.
How many rak’ahs for a prayer missed while traveling?
In Hanafi fiqh, 2 rak’ahs for a prayer missed in travel and 4 for one missed while resident, regardless of your state when making it up.
Keep reading
Don’t take missed prayers lightly. Write down your count today and make a habit of clearing a little every day.
- Sahih al-Bukhari (596, 597), Sahih Muslim (680, 684)
- Hanafi works: al-Hidaya, al-Durr al-Mukhtar, Bahar-e-Shariat (part 3)
This is general guidance; consult a mufti for your situation. Hadith numbering may vary between editions.